Pyrantel

Pharmacological properties

helminthox is an anthelmintic drug that is active against enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus. helminthox blocks the neuromuscular system, causing helminth paralysis, as a result of which they are excreted from the body with feces under the action of peristalsis. helminthox is active against sensitive sexually mature and immature forms. larvae that migrate through tissues are insensitive to the drug.

Pharmacokinetics Intra intestinal absorption of the drug is minimal due to the insolubility of the pyrantel embonate. The concentration of the drug in blood plasma is negligible - from 0.05 to 0.13 mg / ml. The main absorption, which is estimated by indicators of unchanged substance and metabolites in the urine, is 3.8%. The main metabolite is N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, the concentration of which in the urine is 1.2–4.6%. More than 93% of the drug is excreted unchanged with feces.

Indications

Enterobiosis, ascariasis, hookworm infection, necatorosis.

Application

Suspension. with enterobiosis, ascariasis, the average dose is 10-12 mg / kg of body weight per 1 dose, that is:

• children from the age of 6 months - 1 measured spoon of suspension per 10 kg of body weight in one go;
• adults with body weight up to 75 kg - 6 measuring spoons at a time;
• adults with a body weight of 75 kg - 8 measured spoons at a time.

In the treatment of enterobiasis in order to improve the effect, it is recommended that strict observance of personal hygiene rules (especially for children) and a second course of treatment 3 weeks after the previous one are recommended.

With hookworm in case of severe invasion or in endemic areas, a dose of 20 mg / kg of body weight per day is prescribed in 1-2 doses for 2-3 days, that is:

• children from the age of 6 months - 2 measured spoons of suspension per 10 kg of body weight per day;
• adults with a body weight of up to 75 kg - 12 scoops per day;
• Adults weighing 75 kg - 16 scoops per day.

In case of Ansylostoma duodenale invasion occurring in non-endemic areas, a dose of 10 mg / kg of body weight once may be sufficient.

For adults, it is more advisable to prescribe a drug in the form of tablets.

Tablets. With enterobiasis, ascariasis: children aged 6-18 years - 1 tablet (125 mg) per 10 kg of body weight, adults with body weight up to 75 kg - 6 tablets of 125 mg or 3 tablets of 250 mg. Adults with body weight from 75 kg - 4 tablets of 250 mg.

In case of hookworm and necatorosis, the same dosage or, in severe forms, 20 mg / kg / day in 1 or 2 doses for 2-3 days.

In the treatment of enterobiasis in order to improve the effect, strict observance of personal hygiene rules is recommended, especially for children; and also taking the drug again 4 weeks after the treatment.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, liver failure.

Side effects

From the central nervous system: dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia, headache;

on the part of the skin and subcutaneous tissue: rash, urticaria;

from the gastrointestinal tract: anorexia, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, tenesmus;

hepatobiliary disorders: increased levels of liver enzymes;

others: weakness, fatigue.

special instructions

Helminthox should be used with caution in patients with impaired liver function. helminthox is always taken once, regardless of food intake and time of day; there is no need to use laxatives or refrain from eating.

The drug should be taken simultaneously to all family members.

To prevent re-infection, strict observance of personal hygiene rules is recommended.

Use during pregnancy and lactation. In experimental studies, no teratogenic effect of pyrantel on the fetus was detected, in clinical practice, no side effects were reported in the treatment of pregnant women. During pregnancy and lactation, the drug is used according to strict indications after a careful assessment of the benefit for woman / risk for the fetus (child), which is determined by the doctor, and on strict adherence to dosage recommendations.

Children. Assigned to children aged 6 months.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms.Dizziness, drowsiness and weakness, which are sometimes noted during treatment with Helminthox, can affect the reaction rate when driving vehicles and working with machines and complex mechanisms.

Interactions

Do not use the drug with levamisole, since with simultaneous use it is possible to potentiate the toxicity of levamisole and increase the level of theophylline in blood plasma. do not use with piperazine, which is an antagonist of the anthelmintic action of pyrantel.

Overdose

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia are possible, however, due to the minimal amounts of pyrantel that is adsorbed, even with significant overdose, signs of intoxication rarely occur. gastric lavage is recommended due to the lack of a specific antidote.

Preventive measures: monitoring the function of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° c.