Potassium iodide

Instruction manual

For medical use of the drug

Structure:

Active substance: potassium iodide;

1 tablet contains: potassium iodide 1 mg;

excipients: crystalline sugar, calcium stearate.

Dosage form.

Tablets.

Basic physico-chemical properties: tablets of white or almost white color, with a yellowish tinge, flat-cylindrical shape with a bevel.

Pharmacotherapeutic group.

Iodine preparations used in diseases of the thyroid gland. atx code n03c a.

Pharmacological properties.

Pharmacodynamics

Iodine is a vital trace element that is part of the thyroid hormones - thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (TK), which ensures its normal functioning.

When iodides enter the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland follicles under the influence of the enzyme iodide peroxidase, iodine oxidizes to form elemental iodine. The substance undergoes a substitution reaction with the aromatic cycle of tyrosine, resulting in the formation of thyronins 3,5-iodine derivative (hormone thyroxine - T4) and 3-iodine derivative (hormone triiodothyronine - T3). Thyronins form a complex with thyroglobulin protein, which is deposited in the colloid of the thyroid follicle and remains in this state for several days and weeks. With iodine deficiency, this process is disrupted. Iodine entering the body in physiological amounts prevents the development of endemic goiter associated with a lack of this element in food; normalizes the size of the thyroid gland in adult patients; affects the ratio of T3 / T4, the level of thyroid stimulating hormone.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, iodine is almost completely absorbed in the small intestine. Within 2 hours after absorption, it is distributed in the intercellular space; accumulates in the thyroid gland, kidneys, stomach, mammary and salivary glands. The distribution volume in a healthy person averages 23 liters (38% of body weight). The iodine content in breast milk, saliva, and gastric juice is 30 times higher than the concentration in blood plasma. The thyroid gland contains 3/4 (10-20 mg) of all iodine in the body. About 80% of the iodine taken is excreted in the urine through the kidneys. With feces, 10-15% is excreted. Upon reaching equilibrium concentration, the amount of iodine excreted is proportional to the daily intake with food.

Clinical characteristics.

Indications.

Prevention of iodine deficiency.

Prevention of recurrence of iodine-deficient goiter after surgical removal, as well as after completion of complex treatment with thyroid hormone preparations.

Treatment of diffuse euthyroid goiter.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to iodine or other components of the drug. manifest hyperthyroidism. the use of potassium iodide in doses exceeding 150 micrograms of iodine per day, with latent hyperthyroidism. the use of potassium iodide in a dose of 300 to 1000 micrograms of iodine per day with autonomous adenoma, focal and diffuse autonomic foci of the thyroid gland, with the exception of preoperative iodine therapy for the purpose of blocking the thyroid gland by plamer. pulmonary tuberculosis. hemorrhagic diathesis. herpetiform dermatitis of dühring (dühring-brock syndrome).

Interaction with other therapeutic agents and other types of interactions.

Iodine deficiency increases, and excess - reduces the response to hyperthyroidism therapy with thyrostatic agents, therefore, whenever possible, before treatment or during treatment of hyperthyroidism, any use of iodine should be avoided.

Thyrostatic agents, for their part, inhibit the transition of iodine to organic compounds in the thyroid gland and thus can cause goiter formation.The absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland is competitively inhibited by substances, the penetration of which into the thyroid gland occurs according to the same capture mechanism as the penetration of iodine, for example, perchlorate, as well as substances that are not transported themselves, for example, thiocyanate in a concentration exceeding 5 mg / dl.

The absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland and its exchange in it is stimulated by endogenous and exogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone - TSH.

The simultaneous use of high doses of iodine, which suppress the secretion of thyroid hormones, and lithium salts can contribute to the occurrence of goiter and hypothyroidism.

Higher doses of potassium iodide in combination with potassium-sparing diuretics can lead to hyperkalemia.

With simultaneous use, there is an increase in the effect of quinidine on the heart due to an increase in the concentration of potassium in the blood plasma.

The simultaneous use with plant alkaloids and salts of heavy metals can lead to the formation of an insoluble precipitate and impede the absorption of iodine.

Prevents the penetration of unstable iodine isotopes into the thyroid tissue.

Features of the application.

Antisturmin-darnitsa should not be used for hypothyroidism, except in cases where hypothyroidism is caused by iodine deficiency.

Prescribing iodine should be avoided during treatment with radioactive iodine, if there is or is suspected of thyroid cancer.

In patients with renal failure, hyperkalemia may develop.

When using the drug for the treatment of children, the supervision of a doctor is necessary.

The composition of this drug as an auxiliary component includes crystalline sugar, this should be taken into account by patients with diabetes mellitus.

Use during pregnancy or lactation.

The drug in this dosage should not be used during pregnancy or lactation.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or other mechanisms.

No data on harmful effects.

Dosage and administration.

For adults and children from 12 years old, use antistramin-darnitsa for prophylactic use by mouth after eating, 1 tablet (1 mg of potassium iodide) once every 7 days, drinking plenty of fluids, while prevention can last up to several years.

For the treatment of diffuse forms of goiter, the daily dose for adults and children from 12 years old is 1 tablet, the drug is taken 2-3 times a week.

Typically, treatment of goiter in adults and children from 12 years of age requires from 6 to 12 months or more.

In general, the question of the dosage and duration of use of the drug for preventive measures or for the treatment of thyroid diseases is decided by the doctor individually.

To prevent irritation of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, drink the drug with milk, jelly or sweet tea.

Children.

The drug is used for children from 12 years old.

Overdose.

In acute iodine intoxication, reflex vomiting is observed (if starch-containing components are present in the food, the vomit turns blue), abdominal pain, diarrhea (sometimes with blood), and mucous membranes become brown. dehydration and shock may occur. in rare cases, stenosis of the esophagus is noted. fatal cases were observed only after the application of a large amount of iodine tincture (from 30 to 250 ml). chronic overdose leads to a phenomenon called “iodism”: a metallic taste in the mouth, swelling and inflammation of the mucous membranes (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, bronchitis); acne; dermatitis; swelling and pain of the salivary glands; hemorrhages, fever; irritability.

Latent processes, such as tuberculosis, can be activated by iodine.

With prolonged use of high doses of the drug (more than 300 mcg per day), iodine-induced hyperthyroidism may develop (especially in elderly patients with nodular goiter or toxic adenoma).

During therapy with high doses of iodine (more than 1 mg / day), goiter and hypothyroidism may develop in some cases.

Treatment.

In acute intoxication. Drug withdrawal, gastric lavage with a solution of starch, protein or 5% sodium thiosulfate solution until all traces of iodine are removed, intake of activated carbon; in chronic intoxication - discontinuation of the drug. With the use of hemodialysis, you can reduce the level of iodine in blood plasma. Symptomatic therapy of water imbalance, electrolyte balance, anti-shock therapy.

Therapy for chronic intoxication. Cancel iodine.

Hypothyroidism Induced by Iodine Drug withdrawal, normalization of metabolism with the help of thyroid hormones.

Treatment in accordance with the form of the course: mild forms usually do not require treatment, with severe forms thyreostatic therapy is required (the effectiveness of which is manifested late). In severe cases (thyrotoxic crisis), intensive therapy, plasmapheresis, or thyroidectomy is necessary.

Adverse Reactions

From the endocrine system: when used in high doses, goiter, hypothyroidism may occur; in the treatment of goiter in adults (daily dose from 300 to 1000 micrograms of iodine), in some cases, the development of hyperthyroidism caused by iodine is possible. in the vast majority of cases, the prerequisite for this is the presence of diffuse or limited areas of autonomy of the thyroid gland. elderly patients with goiter for a long time are usually at risk.

On the part of the blood and lymphatic system: eosinophilia.

From the cardiovascular system: tachycardia.

From the nervous system and psyche: tremor, irritability, sleep disturbance.

From the gastrointestinal tract: discomfort in the epigastric region, diarrhea.

From the skin, subcutaneous tissue and immune system: hypersensitivity reactions, including iodine-induced rhinitis, bullous or tuberous iododerma, exfoliative dermatitis, angioedema, fever, acne and swelling of the salivary glands, increased sweating.

Also possible: manifestations of iodism (which is manifested by symptoms such as swelling of the nasal mucosa, “iodine” acne, “iodine” fever, urticaria, Quinckes edema, skin rash, itching, anaphylactic shock).

With the prophylactic use of iodide at any age, as well as with the therapeutic use in children, undesirable effects, as a rule, are not observed. However, in the presence of large foci of autonomy of the thyroid gland and in the appointment of iodine in daily doses exceeding 150 μg, the appearance of severe hyperthyroidism cannot be completely ruled out.

Shelf life.

4 years.

Storage conditions.

Store in the original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Packaging.

On 10 tablets in a blister strip packaging; 5 or 10 blisters per pack.

Vacation category.

On prescription.

Manufacturer.

Ciao “Darnitsa pharmaceutical company”.

The location of the manufacturers and its address of the place of business.

Ukraine, 02093, Kiev, st. Borispol, 13.