Phenotropil® [Phenylpiracetam]

Pharmacological properties

entrop has a direct activating effect on the integrative activity of the brain, promotes memory consolidation, improves concentration and mental activity, facilitates the learning process, increases the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia and toxic effects, shows anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity, regulates the processes of activation and inhibition of central nervous system, improves mood.

The drug has a positive effect on metabolic processes and blood circulation of the brain, stimulates redox processes, increases the energy potential of the body through the utilization of glucose, improves regional blood flow in ischemic areas of the brain. Increases the content of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain, does not affect the level of GABA, does not bind to GABA_AND-, not with GABA_AT-receptors, does not significantly affect the spontaneous bioelectric activity of the brain.

Entrop has no effect on respiration and the cardiovascular system, exhibits a mild diuretic effect, and has anorexigenic activity in case of course use.

The stimulating effect of the drug Entrop is manifested in its ability to have a moderately pronounced effect on motor reactions, in increasing physical disability, in the pronounced antagonism of the cataleptic effect of antipsychotics, and also in reducing the severity of the hypnotic effect of ethanol and hexenal.

The psycho-stimulating effect of the drug Entrop prevails in the ideational sphere. The moderate psychostimulating effect of the drug is combined with anxiolytic activity, improves mood, exhibits some analgesic effect, increasing the threshold of pain sensitivity.

The adaptogenic effect of phenylpiracetam is manifested in increasing the bodys resistance to stress under conditions of excessive mental and physical stress, with increased fatigue, hypokinesia and immobilization, at low temperatures.

When taking the drug Entrop marked improvement in vision, which is manifested in the improvement of visual acuity and the expansion of the field of view.

Phenylpiracetam improves blood circulation to the lower extremities.

Phenylpiracetam stimulates the production of antibodies in response to the introduction of antigen, which indicates its immunostimulating properties, but at the same time it does not contribute to the development of immediate hypersensitivity and does not alter the allergic inflammatory reaction of the skin, which causes the introduction of a foreign protein.

With the course use of the drug Entrop, drug dependence, tolerance, withdrawal syndrome do not develop.

The effect of the drug appears after a single dose, which is important when using the drug in extreme conditions.

The drug does not have teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and embryotoxic properties. Toxicity - low lethal dose in an acute experiment is 800 mg / kg body weight.

Pharmacokinetics The drug is rapidly absorbed, penetrates into various organs and tissues, easily penetrates the BBB. The absolute bioavailability of the drug when administered orally is 100%. WITH_max achieved after 1 h, T_½ - 3-5 hours. The drug is not metabolized in the body and is excreted from it unchanged. About 40% of the drug is excreted in the urine, 60% - with bile and sweat.

Indications

Diseases of the central nervous system of various genesis, accompanied by a deterioration in intellectual-mnestic functions, a decrease in motor activity. neurotic conditions, manifested by lethargy, fatigue, decreased psychomotor activity, impaired attention, memory, information assimilation. mild to moderate depression. psycho-organic syndromes, manifested by intellectual-mnestic disorders and apathetic-abulic phenomena, sluggish apathetic states in schizophrenia. convulsive conditions.prevention of hypoxia, increased resistance to stress, correction of the functional state of the body in extreme conditions of professional activity in order to prevent the development of fatigue and increase mental and physical performance, correction of daily biorhythm, inversion of the sleep-wake cycle. chronic alcoholism (in order to reduce the phenomena of asthenia, depression, intellectual and mnestic disorders).

Application

Take orally immediately after eating. dose, duration of treatment set individually. doses vary depending on the characteristics of the patient. the average single dose for adults is 150 mg (100–250 mg), the average daily dose is 250 mg (200–300 mg), and the maximum allowable daily dose for adults is 750 mg. a daily dose of up to 100 mg should be taken at a time in the morning, and above 100 mg - distribute the daily dose in 2 doses. the duration of treatment can vary from 2 weeks to 3 months. the average duration of treatment is 30 days. if necessary, the course can be repeated after 1 month (after consultation with a doctor).

To increase disability - 100-200 mg at a time in the morning, for 2 weeks (for athletes - 3 days).

The recommended duration of treatment for patients with alimentary-constitutional obesity is 30-60 days at a dose of 100-200 mg 1 time per day (in the morning).

It is not recommended to take Entrop after 15:00.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects

Adverse reactions are given by the frequency of their occurrence: very often (≥1 / 10), often (≥1 / 100, 1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000, 1/100), rarely (≥1 / 10,000, 1 / 1000), very rarely (1/10 000), the frequency is unknown (the available data do not allow determining the frequency).

Insomnia (in the case of taking the drug after 15:00) - the frequency is unknown. In some patients, in the first 1-3 days of taking the drug, psychomotor agitation, hyperemia of the skin, a sensation of warmth may occur - the frequency is unknown.

From the side of the central nervous system: infrequently - headache, irritability, dizziness, tearfulness, aggression, sleep disturbance, anxiety, insomnia, drowsiness; rarely - transient hallucinations, obsession, depression, weakness, apathy, hypomania.

From the cardiovascular system: infrequently - increased blood pressure, increased symptoms of coronary insufficiency.

Allergic reactions: infrequently - rash, itchy skin; rarely - hyperemia and hyperkeratosis of the skin of the palms; frequency unknown - urticaria, angioedema.

From the digestive tract: rarely - dry mouth, dysgeusia (bitter taste in the mouth).

special instructions

With excessive psycho-emotional exhaustion against the background of chronic stress and overwork, chronic insomnia, a single entropic intake at first may cause a sharp need for sleep. such patients on an outpatient basis should be advised to start a course of taking the drug on non-working days.

Entrop is used with caution for the treatment of patients with severe liver and kidney damage, severe hypertension, atherosclerosis, as well as patients who have previously had panic attacks, acute psychotic conditions, accompanied by psychomotor agitation, due to the possibility of exacerbation of symptoms of anxiety, panic, hallucinations and delirium, as well as in patients predisposed to allergic reactions to nootropic drugs of the pyrrolidone group.

The drug contains lactose, therefore, patients with the rare hereditary forms of galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome should not use the drug.

Use during pregnancy and lactation. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Children. The drug is not used in children.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms. It is not recommended to use the drug when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms that require increased attention.

Interactions

Entrop can enhance the action of drugs that stimulate central nervous system, antidepressants and nootropic drugs; enhances and prolongs the effect of sleeping pills, drugs and antiparkinsonian drugs.

Overdose

In case of an overdose, an increase in adverse reactions is possible.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy.

Storage conditions

In a dry, dark place at a temperature of no higher than 25 ° c.