Ornidazole

Pharmacological properties

Ornidazole (α- (chloromethyl) -2methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol) is an antiprotozoal agent. the mechanism of action of ornidazole is due to a violation of the DNA structure of microorganisms sensitive to it. Ornidazole is active against trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia (giardia intestinalis), as well as some anaerobic bacteria such as bacteroides and clostridium spp., fusobacterium spp. and anaerobic cocci.

After oral administration, 90% of ornidazole is absorbed from the digestive tract. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is reached within 3 hours. The binding of ornidazole with plasma proteins is approximately 13%. Depending on the dosage regimen, the concentration of the active substance is 6–36 μg / L. Ornidazole penetrates well into the CSF and other body fluids and tissues.

The half-life is approximately 13 hours. After a single use of the drug, 85% of the dose is excreted during the first 5 days. It is excreted mainly with urine (63%) and feces (22%). Approximately 4% of the dose is excreted by the kidneys in an unchanged state. The cumulation coefficient after repeated use of the drug in a dose of 500 or 1000 mg by healthy volunteers every 12 hours is 1.5–2.5.

Indications

Trichomoniasis, amoebiasis (intestinal and non-intestinal forms, including amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess), giardiasis, prevention of postoperative complications (especially during operations on the rectum or in gynecology).

Application

The dose is set individually. for internal use, depending on the indications, treatment regimen and body weight of the patient, a single dose for adults is from 500 mg to 2 g; the daily dose for children with body weight up to 35 kg is 20–40 mg / kg. the frequency and duration of use are set individually. Meratin is always used after meals.

With trichomoniasis - 1 tablet 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 10 days. In mixed and complicated forms of trichomoniasis, the duration and treatment regimens are set individually.

To prevent the possibility of re-infection, the sexual partner should also undergo treatment.

The daily dose for children is 25 mg / kg in 1 dose.

Treatment regimens for amoebiasis: a three-day course for amoebic dysentery, a 5-10-day course for all forms of amoebiasis.

With amoebiasis in adults, 1.5 g is used once a day (in the evening) for 3 days or 500 mg in the morning and evening for 5-10 days. The daily dose for children is 25 mg / kg in 1 dose.

With giardiasis in adults and children weighing more than 35 kg, Meratin is used 1.5 g once a day (in the evening) for 1-2 days. In mixed and complicated forms of the disease, the duration and treatment regimen are set individually. In children weighing less than 35 kg, the drug is used at 40 mg / kg once a day.

For the prevention of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, the drug is used 1 g 1–2 hours before surgery and 500 mg 2 times a day for 3-5 days after its completion.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug or to other derivatives of nitroimidazole, diseases of the central nervous system, acute neurological diseases, trimester of pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects

Dry mouth, in isolated cases - dyspepsia, with prolonged use in high doses rarely - hepatotoxic effect; mild and rapidly passing drowsiness, headache, fatigue, in some cases - agitation, very rarely - tremor, stiffness, impaired coordination of movement, convulsions, confusion; very rarely - angioedema, skin rash, itching, urticaria.

special instructions

The drug should be used with caution in patients with diseases of the central nervous system, for example, with epilepsy, brain damage, multiple sclerosis.in case of exceeding the recommended doses, the risk of developing side effects in children, patients with liver damage, and alcohol abusers increases.

No experimentally revealed teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of the drug. But based on the fact that there were no controlled studies in pregnant women, the use of the drug during pregnancy is possible only if there are absolute indications, if the possible benefits for the expectant mother outweigh the potential risk to the fetus. If you need to use the drug during breastfeeding, you should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Interactions

The drug is able to potentiate the effect of indirect anticoagulants, increases the duration of action of vecuronium bromide.

Overdose

It is manifested by an increase in the severity of side effects.

The specific antidote is unknown; if convulsions occur, diazepam is used.

Storage conditions

At room temperature in a dark place.