Cardonate

Pharmacological properties

Cardonate is a combined drug whose action is due to the synergistic effects of its constituent components.

L-carnitine - a trimethylammonium (betaine) derivative of γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, refers to anabolic agents. It is synthesized in the liver, kidneys and central nervous system from the amino acids lysine and methionine with the participation of iron and ascorbic acid, in the blood plasma it is present in free form and in the form of acetylcarnitine esters. Carnitine is the main cofactor and regulator of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium, liver and skeletal muscle, the only carrier of long chain fatty acids in the mitochondria, where they are β-oxidized to acetyl-CoA, which is a substrate for the formation of ATP in the Krebs cycle. Promotes the release of metabolites and toxic substances from the cytoplasm, improves metabolic processes. Under conditions of normal oxygen supply, it converts cell metabolism to the oxidation of fatty acids as the most energy-intensive substrate; Under conditions of hypoxia, L-carnitine removes toxic fatty acid metabolites from mitochondria, converting cell metabolism to glucose oxidation, thereby exerting an antihypoxic effect. It increases efficiency, accelerates growth, causes an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in the mass of adipose tissue due to lipolytic action, reduces the peripheral effect of thyroid hormones, and helps to normalize the main metabolism in hyperthyroidism. Reduces the severity of symptoms of physical and mental fatigue, has a neuro-, hepato-and cardioprotective effect, exhibits an anti-ischemic effect, helping to limit the infarction zone, improves the transmission of nerve impulses in synapses and axons by increasing the synthesis of choline and acetylcholine, glutamic acid, and reduces the concentration of ammonia in nerve tissue, stimulates cellular immunity. Eliminates functional disorders of the nervous system in patients with chronic intoxication, including alcohol genesis, softens the course of withdrawal syndrome, and inhibits dystrophic changes in the retinal vessels. Carnitine exhibits an antiketogenic effect, reducing the production of ketone bodies from higher fatty acids.

Lysine is an essential amino acid that takes part in all processes of assimilation and growth, promotes ossification and bone growth, stimulates cell mitosis, improves ovogenesis and spermatogenesis, and has a direct antiviral effect on herpes simplex viruses.

Vitamin B Coenzyme₁₂ (cobamamide) has anabolic activity, activates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, participates in the synthesis of labile methyl groups, the formation of choline, methionine, nucleic acids, creatine, and promotes the accumulation of compounds with sulfohydryl groups in red blood cells. As a growth factor, it stimulates bone marrow function, which is necessary for normoblastic erythropoiesis. Cobamamide helps to normalize impaired liver and nervous system functions, has an antiketogenic effect, activates the blood coagulation system, and in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.

Vitamin B Coenzyme₁ (cocarboxylase) has a regulatory effect on metabolic processes in the body. A particularly important role is played in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, primarily in the oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids (pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric), as well as in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose breakdown. Reduces the level of lactic and pyruvic acid in the body, improves glucose uptake, trophic nervous tissue, shows a cardioprotective effect.

Vitamin B Coenzyme₆ (pyridoxal-5-phosphate) plays an important role in the metabolism necessary for the normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system.It is a coenzyme of a large number of enzymes acting on the non-oxidative exchange of amino acids (decarboxylation, transamination processes). It takes part in the exchange of tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, glutamic and other amino acids. It is of great importance for the exchange of histamine as a histamine coenzyme, helps to normalize lipid metabolism, increases the amount of glycogen in the liver, and improves its detoxifying properties. It catabolizes neuromuscular processes, which are especially important in childhood with a delay in mental and physical development, with chronic fatigue and asthenia.

Pharmacokinetics Not studied.

Indications

Adults and children: physical and mental strain, including among athletes, decreased ability to work, asthenic syndrome, vegetovascular dystonia, during convalescence after somatic and infectious diseases, as well as surgical interventions, acetonemic syndromes of various origins, liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis ), metabolic cardiopathies, chronic heart failure (as part of complex therapy), to improve ossification in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures .

Children: retardation in mental and physical development (hypotrophy, anorexia, stunting).

Adults: peripheral neuritis, neuralgia, radiculopathy, as part of the complex treatment of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (cerebral strokes and chronic cerebral ischemia), as part of the complex therapy of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction), hyperhomocysteinemia, as part of the complex treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome, including with withdrawal, hyperthyroidism.

In obstetric and gynecological practice: gestosis of pregnant women, fetoplacental insufficiency and intrauterine growth retardation.

Application

Adults and children 15 years of age are prescribed carbonate orally 1-2 capsules 3 times a day after meals. children 5-15 years old are prescribed 1 capsule 2 times a day. children aged 1–5 years are recommended to take the contents of 1 capsule 1 time per day. when used in children 1–5 years old, the contents of the capsule should be previously dissolved in 50–100 ml of any fruit juice or sweet water.

There is no need for dose adjustment to treat pregnant women.

With anorexia, the drug is used 15–20 minutes before meals.

If it is difficult to swallow the capsule (children, patients in the postoperative period, persons after a stroke), dissolution is allowed before taking the contents of the capsule in juice or sweet water.

The average duration of treatment is from 3 weeks to 3 months.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, malignant neoplasms, peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum in the active phase.

Side effects

The drug is usually well tolerated, but in rare cases, as a rule, with individual hypersensitivity, allergic reactions can occur, including a variety of skin rashes, itching of the skin, urticaria, angioedema. in this case, it is necessary to stop treatment and consult a doctor.

From the digestive system: bloating, pain in the epigastric region, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, stool disturbance are possible.

From the cardiovascular system: possibly an accelerated heartbeat, fluctuations in blood pressure.

From the side of the central nervous system: very rarely excitement occurs.

The capsule shell contains a yellow sunset FCF (E110), which can cause allergic reactions.

special instructions

Do not exceed recommended doses of the drug.

Use during pregnancy and lactation. The drug is used in pregnant women only as directed and under the close supervision of a doctor.It is not known whether the active ingredients of the drug penetrate into breast milk, so Cardonate can be used during breastfeeding when the existing benefits for the mother outweigh the potential risk of side effects in the baby.

Children. Used in children over the age of 1 year.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms. Does not affect.

Interactions

When combined with levodopa, the severity of its therapeutic effect may decrease due to interaction with pyridoxal. the drug can potentiate the effect of antihypertensive drugs, cardiac glycosides, peripheral vasodilators, insulin and other hypoglycemic agents.

Overdose

Possible tachycardia, dyspeptic disorders, agitation, increase or decrease in hell, disappearing after discontinuation of the drug and not requiring therapeutic measures.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° c.