Alcaine® [Proxymethacaine]
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Pharmacological properties
Proparacaine hydrochloride (proxymethacaine hydrochloride) is a surface anesthetic of the ester group. surface anesthetics temporarily block the conductivity of nerve fibers, which leads to local anesthesia.
After the use of Alkain, the anesthetic effect begins, as a rule, after 30 seconds and lasts for a relatively short time (approximately 15 minutes).
Proxymethacaine easily penetrates the mucous membranes and is used as a local anesthetic. After topical administration, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation and is rapidly metabolized in blood plasma; high doses can cause unwanted effects. Rarely causes irritation or mydriasis.
Indications
Surgical operations that require quick and short-term anesthesia: cataract extraction, removal of sutures from the cornea, as well as tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of foreign bodies, scraping of the conjunctival epithelium for the purpose of diagnosis and any other procedures in which local anesthesia is indicated.
Application
For an ophthalmological examination, drip 1-2 drops of the drug into the eye before the procedure. if necessary, the number of drops can be increased.
When carrying out small operations, such as removal of a foreign body or removal of sutures, 1-2 drops are instilled every 5-10 minutes from 1 to 3 times.
For prolonged anesthesia, which is necessary for operations such as cataract extraction, 1-2 drops are instilled every 5-10 minutes from 3 to 5 times.
It should be noted that the local anesthetic effect begins, as a rule, after 30 s and can last up to 15 minutes.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the components of the drug. since alkaine contains benzalkonium chloride, the drug should not be used while wearing soft contact lenses.
Side effects
Transient symptoms such as tingling sensation, burning sensation, and conjunctival hyperemia may occur. rarely, a severe allergic reaction of the immediate type on the part of the cornea, which manifests itself in the form of acute diffuse epithelial keratitis with the formation of filaments and / or rejection of large areas of necrotic epithelium. diffuse edema of stroma, descemetitis, and iritis has also been reported.
With the ophthalmic use of local anesthetics, systemic intoxication can very rarely develop, which is manifested by excitation of the central nervous system with its further inhibition.
special instructions
Alkain is for topical use only and is not for injection.
Do not use without medical supervision. Do not prescribe to patients for self-administration.
Prolonged use of a local anesthetic can lead to a decrease in the duration of its action, as a result of which an increase in the dose of the drug will be required to achieve the desired analgesic effect. An increase in the amount of the drug can subsequently lead to infection of the cornea and / or its clouding, and, as a result, to loss of vision or perforation of the cornea.
Local anesthetics should be used with caution in patients with epilepsy, diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Patients with myasthenia gravis are especially sensitive to the action of anesthetics. In patients with low plasma acetylcholinesterase levels and in patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors, there is a high risk of systemic side effects with topical use of anesthetics of the ester group. Patients should be advised not to touch or rub their eyes until the effect of the drug is over.
In case of symptoms of hypersensitivity or a feeling of increasing irritation in the eyes, the drug should be discontinued.
To reduce systemic resorption after applying eye drops, the following measures should be taken: close your eyes on and press a lacrimal sac with your finger for 2 minutes.
In order to avoid contamination of the dropper tip and the solution, care must be taken not to touch the eyelids and other surfaces with the tip of the dropper bottle.
Pregnancy and lactation. Studies of the effects of Alcaine during pregnancy have not been conducted, therefore, the drug can be used only when the benefits to the mother justify the possible risk to the fetus.
No adverse reactions were reported in infants whose mothers took Alcaine during lactation. It is not known whether Alcaine passes into breast milk, therefore, it is necessary to prescribe this drug during breast-feeding with caution.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms
It is not known about the effect of the drug on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms. Since eye drops can cause temporary blurred vision after instillation, do not drive vehicles or carry out any dangerous work until the vision is fully restored.
Interactions
There is no data on the specific pharmacodynamic interaction of alkain with other drugs. since there are no studies regarding compatibility, do not mix the drug with other drugs.
Overdose
In case of local overdose of alkain, it is necessary to wash the excess of the drug from the eye with warm water.
When signs of systemic action appear, appropriate symptomatic treatment is indicated.
Storage conditions
Store in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8 ° C in a dark place.
2020-07-30
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